Whether you're a tenant wondering about your rights or a landlord trying to understand your responsibilities, the question of who can change the locks on a rental property is one that comes up regularly — and the answer is less straightforward than most people expect. Here's a practical guide to where things stand.
Note: This post covers general guidance only. If you're in a specific dispute or need advice on your particular situation, speak to a solicitor or contact Citizens Advice.
The General Rule
In most cases, a tenant cannot change the locks on a rental property without the landlord's permission. Most tenancy agreements include a clause prohibiting alterations to the property without consent — and changing the locks is considered an alteration. Doing so without permission is typically a breach of the tenancy agreement, which can have consequences at the end of the tenancy including deductions from the deposit.
That said, the situation is more nuanced than a simple yes or no, and there are circumstances in which a tenant may have grounds to change the locks regardless.
When a Tenant Might Have Grounds to Change the Locks
UK tenants have what is known as the “right to quiet enjoyment” of their home. This means that once they've moved in, they are entitled to live in the property without interference — including from the landlord, who must give at least 24 hours' written notice before entering for any non-emergency reason.
In some circumstances, a tenant may argue that changing the locks was justified:
- If the landlord has been entering the property without proper notice, in breach of the tenant's right to quiet enjoyment
- If the tenant has evidence that their security has been compromised — for example, keys were lost or stolen, or there are grounds to believe an ex-partner or previous occupant has access
- In cases involving domestic abuse or a genuine and documented safety concern
Even in these situations, the tenant should ideally notify the landlord in writing that the locks have been changed and provide a copy of the new key. Failing to do so risks escalating a manageable situation into a formal dispute.
What Landlords Should Know
For landlords, there are two main scenarios to consider: the practical question of whether to change locks between tenancies, and what to do if a tenant has changed the locks without permission.
Changing Locks Between Tenancies
There is no legal requirement in the UK to change locks between tenancies, but it is strongly recommended. When a tenancy ends, you have no reliable way of knowing how many copies of the key are in circulation. Previous tenants may have given copies to partners, friends, or family members — not always with bad intentions, but it creates a security risk for incoming tenants.
Changing the cylinder on a standard uPVC door typically costs around £80 to £120 including parts and labour, and it takes under an hour. It's one of the most cost-effective security steps a landlord can take between tenancies, and it protects you as well as your new tenants.
If a Tenant Has Changed the Locks Without Permission
If you arrive at your property and your key no longer works, contact the tenant in writing first. In most cases this resolves the situation — the tenant either provides a copy of the new key or restores the original lock. Avoid attempting to force entry, as this could constitute illegal eviction if the tenant is still lawfully in occupation.
If the tenant refuses to engage or denies you access for lawful purposes such as inspections or essential repairs, you may need to seek legal advice. This is a relatively uncommon situation but one where acting correctly from the outset matters.
For landlords: The simplest way to avoid disputes about locks is to change them between every tenancy and document that you've done so. It's a small cost that demonstrates professionalism, protects your property, and removes any ambiguity about who holds keys at the start of each tenancy.
What About Landlords Changing the Locks While a Tenancy Is Active?
A landlord cannot change the locks on a property while a tenant is in lawful occupation without the tenant's knowledge and consent — even if rent arrears are involved or you want to regain possession. Doing so constitutes illegal eviction under the Protection from Eviction Act 1977, which is a criminal offence.
Repossession of a property must follow the proper legal process. If you need to regain possession, speak to a solicitor about the correct route.
Practical Advice for Both Parties
Most lock-related disputes between landlords and tenants arise from poor communication rather than genuine bad faith. A few things help avoid problems:
- Tenancy agreements should be clear about what constitutes an alteration requiring consent, including lock changes
- Landlords should change the locks between tenancies and keep a record of having done so
- Tenants who feel unsafe and want the locks changed should contact their landlord in writing first, explaining why
- Both parties should keep written records of any communications about property access or security
Lock Changes for Landlords and Tenants in Stourbridge
Whether you're a landlord preparing a property between tenancies or a tenant with a legitimate need to change or upgrade your locks, AMP Lock covers Stourbridge, Halesowen, Dudley, Kingswinford, and all surrounding areas. We work regularly with landlords, letting agents, and property managers. Call or WhatsApp on 07961 169 681 to discuss what you need — no call-out fee, and clear pricing before we start.